{"id":104045,"date":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","date_gmt":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gerdtestpress.online\/?guid=dc2560ae9a99210175d91fd9624bc028"},"modified":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","modified_gmt":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","slug":"the-long-winding-road-for-driverless-cars-must-read-via-the-econmist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/futuristgerd.com\/de\/2017\/05\/the-long-winding-road-for-driverless-cars-must-read-via-the-econmist\/","title":{"rendered":"Der lange, kurvenreiche Weg zum fahrerlosen Auto - must read via The Economist"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cLevel 3 autonomous driving is even more controversial. The main difference is that, while the driver must still remain vigilant and ready to intervene in an emergency, responsibility for all the critical safety functions is shifted from the driver to the car. This has a lot of engineers worried. Experience has not been good with control systems that relegate the operator to a managerial role outside the feedback loop, with the sole function of interceding in the case of an emergency.<\/p>\n

It was this sort of thinking that allowed an accident at a nuclear power plant at Three Mile Island, in 1979, to escalate into a full-blown meltdown. Plant operators failed to react correctly when a valve stuck open and caused the reactor to lose cooling water. They then made matters worse by overriding the automatic emergency cooling system, thinking there was too much water in the reactor rather than too little. The accident report blamed inadequate operator training and a poorly designed computer interface.<\/p>\n

Similar human failings have led to countless airline accidents\u2014most recently, the Asiana Airlines crash at San Francisco in 2013. Over-reliance on automation and lack of systems understanding by the pilots when they needed to interevene were cited as major factors contributing to the Asiana crash. Some carmakers fear that\u2014even more than reactor operators or professional pilots\u2014untrained motorists may only compound the problem when suddenly required to take control of an otherwise fully automated system. Ford believes it is better to skip Level 3 altogether, and go straight to Level 4, even if it takes longer.\u201d<\/p>\n

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The long, winding road for driverless cars
\nhttps:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/science-and-technology\/21722628-forget-hype-about-autonomous-vehicles-being-around-cornerreal-driverless-cars-will<\/a>
\nvia Instapaper<\/div>\n
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\"Das autonome Fahren der Stufe 3 ist noch umstrittener. Der Hauptunterschied besteht darin, dass der Fahrer zwar immer noch wachsam und bereit sein muss, im Notfall einzugreifen, die Verantwortung f\u00fcr alle kritischen Sicherheitsfunktionen aber vom Fahrer auf das Auto verlagert wird. Das macht vielen Ingenieuren Sorgen. Man hat keine guten Erfahrungen mit Kontrollsystemen gemacht, bei denen der Fahrer au\u00dferhalb der R\u00fcckkopplungsschleife eine leitende Rolle einnimmt und nur im Notfall eingreifen kann. <\/p>\n

Diese Art des Denkens f\u00fchrte dazu, dass ein Unfall im Kernkraftwerk Three Mile Island im Jahr 1979 zu einer vollst\u00e4ndigen Kernschmelze f\u00fchrte. Die Betreiber des Kraftwerks reagierten nicht richtig, als ein Ventil offen blieb und der Reaktor K\u00fchlwasser verlor. Sie machten die Sache noch schlimmer, indem sie das automatische Notk\u00fchlsystem au\u00dfer Kraft setzten, weil sie dachten, es bef\u00e4nde sich zu viel Wasser im Reaktor, anstatt zu wenig. Der Unfallbericht machte eine unzureichende Ausbildung der Bediener und eine schlecht konzipierte Computerschnittstelle verantwortlich.<\/p>\n

\u00c4hnliches menschliches Versagen hat zu zahllosen Unf\u00e4llen bei Fluggesellschaften gef\u00fchrt - zuletzt zum Absturz der Asiana Airlines in San Francisco im Jahr 2013. Die \u00fcberm\u00e4\u00dfige Abh\u00e4ngigkeit von der Automatisierung und das mangelnde Systemverst\u00e4ndnis der Piloten, wenn sie eingreifen mussten, wurden als Hauptfaktoren f\u00fcr den Asiana-Absturz genannt. Einige Automobilhersteller bef\u00fcrchten, dass - noch mehr als Reaktorbediener oder Berufspiloten - ungeschulte Autofahrer das Problem nur noch verschlimmern k\u00f6nnten, wenn sie pl\u00f6tzlich die Kontrolle \u00fcber ein ansonsten vollautomatisches System \u00fcbernehmen m\u00fcssen. Ford ist der Ansicht, dass es besser ist, Stufe 3 ganz zu \u00fcberspringen und direkt zu Stufe 4 \u00fcberzugehen, auch wenn dies l\u00e4nger dauert.<\/p>\n

Der lange, kurvenreiche Weg zum fahrerlosen Auto
https:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/science-and-technology\/21722628-forget-hype-about-autonomous-vehicles-being-around-cornerreal-driverless-cars-will<\/a>
\u00fcber Instapaper<\/div>\n

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