{"id":104045,"date":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","date_gmt":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gerdtestpress.online\/?guid=dc2560ae9a99210175d91fd9624bc028"},"modified":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","modified_gmt":"2017-05-28T14:34:40","slug":"the-long-winding-road-for-driverless-cars-must-read-via-the-econmist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/futuristgerd.com\/es\/2017\/05\/the-long-winding-road-for-driverless-cars-must-read-via-the-econmist\/","title":{"rendered":"El largo y tortuoso camino de los coches sin conductor - lectura obligada v\u00eda The Economist"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cLevel 3 autonomous driving is even more controversial. The main difference is that, while the driver must still remain vigilant and ready to intervene in an emergency, responsibility for all the critical safety functions is shifted from the driver to the car. This has a lot of engineers worried. Experience has not been good with control systems that relegate the operator to a managerial role outside the feedback loop, with the sole function of interceding in the case of an emergency.<\/p>\n

It was this sort of thinking that allowed an accident at a nuclear power plant at Three Mile Island, in 1979, to escalate into a full-blown meltdown. Plant operators failed to react correctly when a valve stuck open and caused the reactor to lose cooling water. They then made matters worse by overriding the automatic emergency cooling system, thinking there was too much water in the reactor rather than too little. The accident report blamed inadequate operator training and a poorly designed computer interface.<\/p>\n

Similar human failings have led to countless airline accidents\u2014most recently, the Asiana Airlines crash at San Francisco in 2013. Over-reliance on automation and lack of systems understanding by the pilots when they needed to interevene were cited as major factors contributing to the Asiana crash. Some carmakers fear that\u2014even more than reactor operators or professional pilots\u2014untrained motorists may only compound the problem when suddenly required to take control of an otherwise fully automated system. Ford believes it is better to skip Level 3 altogether, and go straight to Level 4, even if it takes longer.\u201d<\/p>\n

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The long, winding road for driverless cars
\nhttps:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/science-and-technology\/21722628-forget-hype-about-autonomous-vehicles-being-around-cornerreal-driverless-cars-will<\/a>
\nvia Instapaper<\/div>\n
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\"La conducci\u00f3n aut\u00f3noma de nivel 3 es a\u00fan m\u00e1s controvertida. La principal diferencia es que, aunque el conductor debe seguir atento y preparado para intervenir en caso de emergencia, la responsabilidad de todas las funciones cr\u00edticas de seguridad pasa del conductor al coche. Esto tiene preocupados a muchos ingenieros. La experiencia no ha sido buena con los sistemas de control que relegan al operador a un papel directivo fuera del bucle de retroalimentaci\u00f3n, con la \u00fanica funci\u00f3n de interceder en caso de emergencia. <\/p>\n

Fue este tipo de pensamiento el que permiti\u00f3 que un accidente en la central nuclear de Three Mile Island, en 1979, se convirtiera en una fusi\u00f3n total. Los operarios de la central no reaccionaron correctamente cuando una v\u00e1lvula se atasc\u00f3 y provoc\u00f3 la p\u00e9rdida de agua de refrigeraci\u00f3n del reactor. Luego empeoraron las cosas al anular el sistema autom\u00e1tico de refrigeraci\u00f3n de emergencia, pensando que hab\u00eda demasiada agua en el reactor en lugar de muy poca. El informe del accidente culpaba a una formaci\u00f3n inadecuada de los operarios y a una interfaz inform\u00e1tica mal dise\u00f1ada.<\/p>\n

Fallos humanos similares han provocado innumerables accidentes a\u00e9reos; el m\u00e1s reciente, el de Asiana Airlines en San Francisco en 2013. La excesiva dependencia de la automatizaci\u00f3n y la falta de comprensi\u00f3n de los sistemas por parte de los pilotos cuando ten\u00edan que intervenir se citaron como los principales factores que contribuyeron al accidente de Asiana. Algunos fabricantes de autom\u00f3viles temen que -incluso m\u00e1s que los operadores de reactores o los pilotos profesionales- los conductores sin formaci\u00f3n puedan agravar el problema cuando de repente se les pida que tomen el control de un sistema que, de otro modo, estar\u00eda totalmente automatizado. Ford cree que es mejor saltarse el Nivel 3 e ir directamente al Nivel 4, aunque lleve m\u00e1s tiempo\".<\/p>\n

El largo y tortuoso camino de los coches sin conductor
https:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/science-and-technology\/21722628-forget-hype-about-autonomous-vehicles-being-around-cornerreal-driverless-cars-will<\/a>
v\u00eda Instapaper<\/div>\n

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