{"id":104881,"date":"2017-08-16T09:33:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-16T09:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gerdtestpress.online\/?guid=7d02cfcb93111c9ff3ec5b94e22444c6"},"modified":"2017-08-16T09:33:00","modified_gmt":"2017-08-16T09:33:00","slug":"how-technology-might-get-out-of-control-about-the-nash-equilibriums-demise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/futuristgerd.com\/pt\/2017\/08\/how-technology-might-get-out-of-control-about-the-nash-equilibriums-demise\/","title":{"rendered":"Como a tecnologia pode ficar fora de controlo (sobre o fim do equil\u00edbrio de Nash?)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u201cPeople use laws, social norms and international agreements to reap the benefits of technology while minimizing undesirable things like environmental damage. In aiming to find such rules of behavior, we often take inspiration from what game theorists call a Nash equilibrium, named after the mathematician and economist John Nash. In game theory, a Nash equilibrium is a set of strategies that, once discovered by a set of players, provides a stable fixed point at which no one has an incentive to depart from their current strategy.<\/p>\n

To reach such an equilibrium, the players need to understand the consequences of their own and others' potential actions. During the Cold War, for example, peace among nuclear powers depended on the understanding the any attack would ensure everyone's destruction. Similarly, from local regulations to international law, negotiations can be seen as a gradual exploration of all possible moves to find a stable framework of rules acceptable to everyone, and giving no one an incentive to cheat \u2013 because doing so would leave them worse off.<\/p>\n

But what if technology becomes so complex and starts evolving so rapidly that humans can\u2019t imagine the consequences of some new action? This is the question that a pair of scientists — Dimitri Kusnezov of the National Nuclear Security Administration and Wendell Jones, recently retired from Sandia National Labs — explore in a recent paper. Their unsettling conclusion: The concept of strategic equilibrium as an organizing principle may be nearly obsolete.\u201d<\/p>\n

How Technology Might Get Out of Control
https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2017-08-15\/how-technology-might-get-out-of-control<\/a>
via Instapaper<\/div>\n

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\"As pessoas recorrem a leis, normas sociais e acordos internacionais para colher os benef\u00edcios da tecnologia e, ao mesmo tempo, minimizar os aspectos indesej\u00e1veis, como os danos ambientais. Com o objetivo de encontrar essas regras de comportamento, inspiramo-nos frequentemente naquilo a que os te\u00f3ricos dos jogos chamam um equil\u00edbrio de Nash, em homenagem ao matem\u00e1tico e economista John Nash. Na teoria dos jogos, um equil\u00edbrio de Nash \u00e9 um conjunto de estrat\u00e9gias que, uma vez descoberto por um conjunto de jogadores, proporciona um ponto fixo est\u00e1vel no qual ningu\u00e9m tem um incentivo para se afastar da sua estrat\u00e9gia atual.<\/p>\n

Para atingir esse equil\u00edbrio, os intervenientes t\u00eam de compreender as consequ\u00eancias das suas pr\u00f3prias ac\u00e7\u00f5es e das ac\u00e7\u00f5es potenciais dos outros. Durante a Guerra Fria, por exemplo, a paz entre as pot\u00eancias nucleares dependia do entendimento de que qualquer ataque garantiria a destrui\u00e7\u00e3o de todos. Do mesmo modo, desde as regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es locais ao direito internacional, as negocia\u00e7\u00f5es podem ser vistas como uma explora\u00e7\u00e3o gradual de todas as ac\u00e7\u00f5es poss\u00edveis para encontrar um quadro est\u00e1vel de regras aceit\u00e1veis para todos e que n\u00e3o d\u00ea a ningu\u00e9m um incentivo para fazer batota - porque se o fizesse, ficaria em pior situa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Mas e se a tecnologia se tornar t\u00e3o complexa e come\u00e7ar a evoluir t\u00e3o rapidamente que os humanos n\u00e3o consigam imaginar as consequ\u00eancias de uma nova a\u00e7\u00e3o? Esta \u00e9 a quest\u00e3o que dois cientistas - Dimitri Kusnezov da Administra\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Seguran\u00e7a Nuclear e Wendell Jones, recentemente reformado dos Laborat\u00f3rios Nacionais Sandia - exploram num artigo recente. A sua conclus\u00e3o inquietante: O conceito de equil\u00edbrio estrat\u00e9gico como princ\u00edpio organizador pode estar quase obsoleto\".<\/p>\n

Como a tecnologia pode ficar fora de controlo
https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2017-08-15\/how-technology-might-get-out-of-control<\/a>
via Instapaper<\/div>\n

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